CBT focuses on identifying and challenging unhelpful thought/thinking patterns and behaviours or responses to challenging situations. The aim is to develop healthier and more balanced ways of thinking and being, overall improving emotional wellbeing.

CFT is a "third-wave" CBT therapy. CFT aims to help clients recognise their fears, vulnerabilities and self-critical responses to challenging situations that might be maintaining distressing or negative emotions. This therapy focuses on helping clients build a more compassionate tone of voice towards themselves to improve their mood, in the same way they might interact with others, as well as build self-soothing and emotion regulation skills and techniques. Overall, CFT aims to boost self-esteem and emotional resilience, and improves relationships with others.

Schema Therapy is another "third-wave" approach that incorporates elements of CBT, psychodynamic and attachment-based theory, to address deep-seated or deep-rooted emotional & behavioural patterns called "schemas" developed early in life. Schemas or sometimes easier to understand as 'lifetraps' are patterns that start in childhood and reverberate throughout life. They usually begin with something being done to us by families or other children. For example, we were abandoned, criticised, abused, excluded, or damaged in some way. Eventually the lifetrap becomes part of us. We continue to create situations in which we are mistreated, ignored, put down, controlled etc. The therapy aims to replace unhelpful schemas/lifetraps with healthier ones to improve one's well-being.

This approach looks at how we tell the stories about our lives that shape our identity and how we see the world. Instead of seeing problems as a part of you, narrative therapy helps you see them as separate from you. This therapy is empowering as it highlights your strengths and the more positive aspects of your story. During therapy, you might rewrite parts of your story, focusing on your abilities, achievements, and hopes for the future.

This approach focuses on uncovering unconscious patterns in thoughts, feelings and behaviours, as well as any unconscious or unresolved conflict that may be maintaining the current difficulties, particularly in your relationships with others.

ACT is a "third-wave" CBT therapy. ACT focuses on increasing a client's mental flexibility by offering skills and techniques that enable clients to observe and accept their thoughts and feelings, without attaching judgment, engaging in a war or battling with their experiences i.e. instead of trying to change or control unwanted experiences. ACT supports clients to unhook from or let go of thoughts and feelings, and commit to goals and actions that are in line with their personal values.

DBT is a "third-wave" CBT therapy. DBT is designed to help clients manage extreme or intense emotions, emotion regulation, self-destructive behaviours, or relationship issues. DBT helps clients accept themselves and their emotions as they are, while also working towards positive changes in their behaviour and life. It provides practical skills that people can use in their daily lives to manage stress, handle emotions, and improve relationships by building interpersonal communication skills and skills in assertiveness.

Mindfulness involves paying attention to the present moment with non-judgmental awareness. Regular practice of mindfulness helps to cultivate an attitude of curiosity, openness and acceptance towards one’s thoughts, feelings and physical sensations. A mindful approach to life’s challenges encourages us to observe our experiences and respond according to our values, rather than with impulsivity. Mindfulness techniques include guided meditation, breathing exercises and daily activities practiced with full awareness. These practices enhance self-awareness and emotion regulation.

This approach considers problems within the context of relationships and groups, including e.g., families, carers and professionals. It helps people see how their relationships and interactions with others influence their problems and aims to improve these connections and overall well-being.​

A practical, goal-oriented process that helps an individual with ADHD or executive functioning (impulse control, emotion regulation, time management, organisation, planning) challenges develop skills, implement strategies, and provide accountability to manage daily life more effectively.